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Summary Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that adapts to the pushing and pulling required for mechanical movement. Components Cartilage cells Chondroblasts Develop from mesenchymal progenitor cells Are capable of cell division: multiply to produce chondrocytes Secrete extracellular matrix ECM Chondrocytes Develop from chondroblasts Produce and maintain the ECM Are embedded in cavities lacunae of the ECM Are no longer capable of cell division in their mature stage Play an important role in endochondral ossification , which is essential for: Development of the fetal skeletal system Longitudinal bone growth Bone healing after a fracture Extracellular matrix ECM of cartilage Produced by : chondroblasts and chondrocytes Components : The composition of the ECM determines the characteristics of the different cartilage types.
Different types of collagen Proteoglycan molecules with side chains of glycosaminoglycans Glycoproteins, e. Cartilage that is not surrounded by perichondrium e. The inner chondrogenic layer contains progenitor cells, which regenerate cartilage.
References: [1] [2] [3] Overview and structure of cartilage types Hyaline cartilage Elastic cartilage Articular cartilage specialized hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage Main features Resilience to friction Most abundant type of cartilage, but weakest High resilience to bending Very flexible Shock absorption Uniform distribution of force over the joint surface Resilience to tensile forces Hard and nonelastic; strongest type Histology Chondrocytes are embedded in lacunae.
ECM contains a threadlike meshwork of elastic fibers. Chondrocytes are embedded in lacunae. Thick layers of dense type I and type II collagen fibers Contains the fewest chondrocytes Perichondrium Present Not present Examples Cartilaginous rings of the trachea Nasal septum Cartilaginous precursor of bone primordial bones Auricle External auditory canal Epiglottis Covers articular surfaces of synovial joints Menisci of the knee joint Intervertebral discs Pubic symphysis.
References Standring S. Accessed: November 18, The role of chondronectin and cartilage proteoglycan in the attachment of chondrocytes to collagen. Prog Clin Biol Res. David Eyre. Collagen of articular cartilage. Arthritis Res. Open in Read by QxMD. Resilience to friction Most abundant type of cartilage, but weakest. High resilience to bending Very flexible.
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