The Pilgrims had originally signed a contract with the Virginia Company to settle near the Hudson River, but rough seas and storms prevented the ship from reaching its initial destination. After 66 days, it reached the shores of Cape Cod, anchoring at the site of Provincetown on November The settlers decided the name was appropriate, as the Mayflower had set sail from the port of Plymouth in England.
For the next few months, many of the settlers stayed on the Mayflower while ferrying back and forth to shore to build their new settlement. In March, they began moving ashore permanently. More than half the settlers fell ill and died that first winter, victims of an epidemic of disease that swept the new colony. Soon after they moved ashore, the Pilgrims were introduced to a Native American man named Tisquantum, or Squanto, who would become a member of the colony.
In the Fall of , the Pilgrims famously shared a harvest feast with the Pokanokets; the meal is now considered the basis for the Thanksgiving holiday. It took place over three days between late September and mid-November and included feasting as well as games and military exercises.
Most of the attendees at the first Thanksgiving were men; 78 percent of the women who traveled on the Mayflower perished over the preceding winter. Of the 50 colonists who celebrated the harvest and their survival , 22 were men, four were married women and 25 were children and teenagers. Winslow records eating venison from five deer killed by the Native Americans along with chestnuts, cranberries, garlic and artichokes—all native wild plants the English were learning to use.
Turkey was potentially served as well. By the late s, Thanksgiving had become an annual fall tradition. It was written after a near mutiny on board the Mayflower. The Mayflower Compact set down laws for all Mayflower passengers to follow. Born in England, he escaped with the Separatists to the Netherlands in when he was still a teenager to avoid persecution. It is considered one of the most important firsthand accounts of early New England.
The assemblies usually met for a single, brief session, although the council or governor could and sometimes did call a special session. In practice, this was not always achieved, because many of the provincial assemblies sought to expand their powers and limit those of the governor and crown.
Laws could be examined by the Board of Trade, which also held veto power over legislation. The Board of Trade originally known as the Lords of Trade or Lords of Trade and Plantations was a committee of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom, first established as a temporary committee of inquiry in the 17th century that evolved gradually into a government department with a diverse range of functions. Taxes and government budgets also originated in the assembly, and the budget was connected with the raising and equipping of the militia.
The House of Burgesses was the first assembly of elected representatives of English colonists in North America. The House, which consisted of delegates elected by the colonists, was established by the Virginia Company, who created the body as part of an effort to encourage English craftsmen to settle in North America. The word burgess means an elected or appointed official of a municipality or the representative of a borough in the English House of Commons.
Conflicts over taxation and budgets contributed to the tensions between assemblies and governors that would eventually lead to the American Revolution. As the Revolution drew near, colonial assemblies began forcibly ejecting their governors from office.
Maryland was the only colony that did not forcibly eject its last proprietary governor from office, choosing instead a formal and largely courteous transfer of power. By , the authority of its English governor, Sir Robert Eden, had been effectively usurped by the Annapolis Convention, and Eden was eventually asked by the Maryland Council of Safety to step down as governor. Eventually, the Maryland Convention formally asked the governor to leave, and Governor Eden finally departed Maryland for England on June 23, It has been the home of the governor since It was designed by Baltimore architect R.
Snowden Andrews — Jennings House was the residence of the governors of Maryland from until The territory was then divided into five colonies, each with its own administration: Canada, Acadia, Hudson Bay, Newfoundland Plaisance , and Louisiana.
New France orthographic projection —Maximal expansion in , before Treaty of Utrecht : This global map illustrates the geographic location of New France, which stretched from Newfoundland to the Rocky Mountains and from Hudson Bay to the Gulf of Mexico. In , Jacques Cartier claimed the first province of New France.
However, initial French attempts at settling the region met with failure. French fishing fleets, however, continued to sail to the Atlantic coast and into the St. Lawrence River. French merchants soon realized the St. According to the Mayflower Compact, a self-governing body rules for the greater good.
Comparisons can drawn between the Mayflower Compact and philanthropic organizations; both establish an authority and a structure for making executive decisions.
A nonprofit organization needs its own "Mayflower Compact," in order to succeed with objectives, entity function and levels of individual participation.
The Compact clearly defined the mission objective as "undertaken, for the Glory of God and advancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our king and country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the Northern parts of Virginia" Pilgrim Hall Museum Like the Mayflower Compact, nonprofit and other philanthropic entities are also responsible for fulfilling mission statements and objectives. The drafters of the Compact clearly indicated the importance of the greater good by the written statement, "solemnly and mutually in the presence of God, and of one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforementioned" ibid.
As individuals, the pilgrims divested themselves of resources in order to cause a "furtherance" of colony objectives. Today, individuals accomplish the same objective by donation of money or goods to charity.
Society members give resources in the hope and expectation the end result will benefit the greater good. The same objective applies to the philanthropic sector as resources are collected from and disbursed to the community. The philanthropic sector provides a mechanism for self-help, assistance to the needy and the pursuit of a wide array of interests and beliefs Salamon The Mayflower Compact as the written agreement by the signers "in the presence of God, and of one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic" Pilgrim Hall Museum By signature on the Mayflower Compact, the Pilgrims entered into a covenant with God and with each other in the colony.
John Winthrop , the first governor of Massachusetts, reflected this concept in his sermon to fellow Puritans:. For this end, we must be knit together in this work as one man. We must entertain each other in brotherly affection; we must be willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities, for the supply of other's necessities; we must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekness, gentleness, and liberality.
We must delight in each other, make other's conditions our own, rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together; always having before our eyes our commission and community in the work, our community as members of the same body" O'Connell , One of the main concepts derived from the Mayflower Compact was governing law for and by the people.
The concept is the heart of democracy and the foundation of philanthropy and the nonprofit community. Nonprofit organizations within certain areas of activity, such as health and education, are subject to similar public regulations as for-profit and state sectors. As long as organized entities lawfully observe required safety and employment practices, the boards and staff of organizations are free to pursue their missions Clotfelter and Thomas The Compact created the idea of a social contract.
A social contract is an actual or hypothetical compact between the ruled and their rulers that defines the rights and duties of each Encyclopedia Britannica. Although specific duties were not assigned to each colonist, a concept of higher order was established by the election of John Carver as the first governor of New Plymouth. Nonprofit organizations use the same principle in creating a contract between the agency and its employees.
Important People Related to the Topic. Although 41 men signed the compact, the following individuals played significant roles as colony leaders and in drafting the Mayflower Compact:. What two groups comprised the passengers on the Mayflower? How were they different from each other? How similar? What events forced the passengers on the Mayflower to write and sign the Mayflower Compact?
What facts in the article support the argument that the Pilgrims were democratic? What facts support the view that they were not democratic? What is the most important idea contained in the Mayflower Compact? What are some other ideas it contains?
Bradford, William. Of Plymouth Plantation. Samuel Eliot Morison, ed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Aboard the Mayflower II are a team of scientists and a larger group of skilled workers. The mission of this voyage is to construct a research base on Mars for scientific observations and experiments.
Unfortunately, due to a malfunction, the Mayflower II crash-landed in an area outside that designated for U. This territory is not within the jurisdiction of any Earth nation. Although the crash disabled the Mayflower II and its radio, all personnel as well as the supplies and life support systems survived intact.
The scientists and workers will be able to live in the Mayflower II and build structures outside the spacecraft. They expect a rescue ship will be sent, but not for many months. Shortly after the Mayflower II crashed, an argument broke out between the scientists and workers. The workers claimed that the whole purpose of the project had changed from scientific research to survival. Since the workers know how to build a survival base, they can take care of themselves. The workers also pointed out that because they are in an area of Mars outside the jurisdiction of the United States, they are not bound to obey the orders of the scientists or any laws for that matter.
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