Four hundred years later, it was named the capital of Guang prefecture and people began to call the city Guangzhou, which literally means Guang prefecture. The name Guangzhou was officially adopted by the city in So the city was never officially named Canton at all!
Nevertheless, westerners used Canton on maps and travel schedules, and in geography and travel books until the late 20th century. Image by Flickr user Gijs Budel. The original name of the Kmer village that eventually became Saigon was Prey Nokor. The area was actually a swamp, but its location made it a strategic seaport. The small fishing village grew into a modern city under the French, who took over in and called it Saigon.
Saigon became the capital of Vietnam in , and when the country split in , Saigon remained the capital of South Vietnam. About that time, Saigon merged with Cholon on the other side of the Saigon River.
No matter how it evolved, the name Saigon was a symbol of colonialism, so when the north defeated the south in , the city lost its status as capital.
Image by Flickr user Andrin Villa. The original name of the small Russian town that became St. Petersburg is long gone, but it was only a tiny village before the Tsar arrived. When India gained her independence from the British in the year , there was a growing need for an Indian identity in the name of the city. Shiv Sena, a Hindu Nationalist Party won a commanding majority in the state assembly in and succeeded in officially adopting the name Mumbai.
The city of Mumbai lies on square miles of land on the Konkan region at the mouth of Ulhas River. It experiences a tropical dry and wet climate. Annual precipitation is about mm while annual temperatures are around On one hand, it is only habit for a lot of the city to interchangeably use Mumbai and Bombay, but on the other hand nearly everyone is aware of the various political sentiments attached to the use of either name.
And so is everyone aware of the occasional cases where addressing the city by its outdated name has sparked violent outbursts. However, the city was referred to as Manbai in the Mirat -i- Ahmadi, a historical text on Gujarat dating back to written in Persian by Ali Muhammad Khan. Adding to the confusion, historical records indicate that the city was referred to as Mombayn , Bombay , Bombain , Bombaym , Monbaym , Mombaim , Mombaym , Bambaye , Bombaiim , Bombeye , Boon Bay , and Bon Bahia, among other names at different points in its colonial history!
And so some Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, and Kannada speakers had been referring to the city as Mumbai even though it was Bambai to Hindi speakers and the rest of the country, and Bombay in official records. When did Bombay become Mumbai? Officially, in Mumbai, India. It is situated along the west coast of India, particularly at the Konkan coast. Shiv Sena leader Bal Thackeray once installed a marble plaque with the name on the Gateway of India, a famous sandstone arch.
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