In , Browning received his first patent for his breech-loading, single-shot rifle, selling the design to the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. By the s, Browning began developing ways to use gases and recoil from exploding ammunition to automatically eject, reload, and fire guns.
He applied this to smaller arms, creating the Colt From , Browning worked in partnership with Winchester and designed a series of rifles and shotguns, most notably the lever action Winchester Model and the Model pump shotgun, the falling block single shot Model , and the lever-action Model , Model , Model , Model rifles as well as the long recoil operated semi-automatic Remington Model 8 rifle, many of which are still in production today in some form; over seven million Model s have been produced, more than any other centerfire sporting rifle.
Winchester manufactured several popular small arms designed by John M. For decades in the late 19th Century-early 20th Century, Browning designs and Winchester firearms were synonymous and the collaboration was highly successful. This came to an end when Browning proposed a new long recoil operated semi-automatic shotgun design, a prototype finished in , to Winchester management, which ultimately became the Browning Auto-5 shotgun. As was the custom of the time, Browning's earlier designs had been licensed exclusively to Winchester and other manufacturers for a single fee payment.
With this new product, Browning introduced in his negotiations a continuous royalty fee based upon unit sales, rather than a single front-end fee payment. If the new shotgun became highly successful, Browning stood to make substantially more fee income over the prior license fee arrangements.
Winchester management was displeased with the bold change in their relationship, and rejected Browning's offer. Remington Arms was also approached, however the president of Remington died of a heart attack as Browning waited to offer them the gun. This forced Browning to look overseas to produce the shotgun.
Having recently successfully negotiated firearm licenses with Fabrique Nationale de Herstal of Belgium FN , Browning took the new shotgun design to FN; the offer was accepted and FN manufactured the new shotgun, honoring its inventor, as the Browning Auto The Browning Auto-5 was continuously manufactured as a highly popular shotgun throughout the 20th century.
In response, Winchester shifted reliance on John Browning designs when it adopted a hammerless shotgun design of Thomas Crossley Johnson for the new Winchester Model 12, which was based upon design features of the earlier Browning-designed Winchester Model shotgun. This shift marked the end of an era of Winchester-Browning collaboration. John Browning was known as a dedicated and tireless innovator and experimenter who sought breakthrough consumer-oriented features and performance and reliability improvements in small arms designs.
He did not retire from his career in his elder years, but dedicated his entire adult life - literally to his last day - to these pursuits. Even the 9 mm self-loading pistol he was working on when he died had great design merit and was eventually completed in , by Belgian designer Dieudonne Saive. Released as the Fabrique Nationale GP35, it was more popularly known as the successful Browning Hi-Power pistol, a favorite of sportsmen and law enforcement.
The premium priced Browning Superposed shotgun, an over-under shotgun design for the ages, was his last completed firearm design and possibly his most elegant. It was marketed originally with twin triggers; a single trigger modification was later completed by his son, Val Browning. Commercially introduced in by FN, Browning Superposed shotguns, and their more affordable cousins, the Browning Citori made in Asia, continue to be manufactured into the 21st Century, and come with varying grades of fine hand engraving and premium quality wood.
John Browning is arguably the man most responsible for modern firearms, including lever-action, pump-action, and auto-loading weapons. Browning was born into a Mormon settler family in Ogden, Utah, on January 23, A gunsmith himself, Jonathan often had young John in the shop alongside him, where the child learned concepts of manufacturing and engineering.
The elder Browning also encouraged experimentation. In the spring of , John married Rachel Teresa Child, who would eventually bear John 10 children, eight of whom survived infancy. On October 7th of that same year, John received the first of his firearm patents, this one for the Browning Single Shot rifle. In , John recruited his brothers and built what would become known as the Browning Arms Company. Although the business was successful, John was not satisfied. Rather than mass-producing firearms for commercial sale, Browning wanted to revolutionize the entire small arms industry.
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