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I Orig. C1 — Google Scholar. Schmitt, M. Sellin, M. Simon, H. Smith, R. Souhami, L. Sreenivasan, A. Stackebrandt, E. Streby-Andrews, M. Telander, B. Thirkell, D. Tornabene, T. Traxler, C. The Genus Micrococcus. Prokaryotes, 3, Micrococcus was first isolated by Alexander Fleming in , as Micrococcus lysodeikticus before it was known as micrococcus luetus Ganz et al, Micrococcus is generally thought of as harmless bacterium, but there have been rare cases of Micrococcus infections in people with compromised immune systems, as occurs with HIV patients.
The two species share similar colony morphology as well as a similar yellow colony color. To distinguish between the two, a bacitracin test may be performed. It has pigments that absorb long wave UV radiation, between nanometers. Due to M. Hybridization studies show no close genetic relationship among the species of Micrococcus.
For example, M. About half of the strains of M. So far two genome sequences have been done, one on Micrococcus sp.
The M. This may be due to the presence of a reduced number of penicillin-binding proteins and the absence of a wblC gene, which plays an important role in the antibiotic resistance in other actinobacteria Young, Micrococcus are Gram-positive cocci that are 0. They are generally strict aerobes and can generally reduce nitrate. Some Micrococcus are pigmented bacteria; for example, M.
Micrococcus species are oxidase-positive, which can be used to distinguish them from other bacteria like most Staphylococcus species, which are generally oxidase-negative. Micrococcus species can also be differentiated from staphylococcus species by the Taxo A Bacitracin disk test.
Micrococcus species are sensitive to Bacitracin while staphylococci are resistant. Defining characteristics of Micrococcus are the ability to aerobically produce acid from glucose glycerol, aesculin hydrolysis, arginine dihydrolase, major pigment production, motility, and conversion of nitrate to nitrite Smith et al. Micrococcus luteus can synthesize iso- and anteiso-branched alkenes by the head-to-head condensation of fatty-acid thioesters [coenzyme A CoA or acyl carrier protein ACP ].
This ability could be harnessed to make biofuels Pereira et al, It can be found in many other places in the environment, as well, like water, dust, and soil. They grow optimally at 37 o C and can be easily grown on inorganic nitrogen agar or Simmon's citrate agar. Although some, like Micrococcus antarcticus , are cold-adapted, and have been found living in Antarctica and in marine environments.
The skin infections, or chronic cutaneous infections, result in pruritic eruptions of the skin in some areas as well as scattered papule lesions with or without central ulcerations. Micrococcus as the cause of infections is easy to overlook because infections caused by this bacterium are rare as well as the bacterium is a natural part of the skin's bacterial flora. Thus, when dealing with Micrococcus infections, it usually takes several cultures being grown and examined at about 35 o C on blood agar before one realizes that Micrococcus is indeed the culprit.
Most Micrococcus infections are discovered through process of elimination all other bacterial, fungal, etc. Though today immunocompromised patients the risk of infection has grown. There have been several deaths in immunocompromised children caused by leukemia from pulmonary hemorrhages because of Micrococcus.
Recently, this organism was recognized as an opportunistic pathogen and has been implicated in recurrent bacteremia, septic shock, septic arthritis, endocarditis, meningitis, intracranial suppuration, and cavitating pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients.
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